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Carta d'Identità Elettronica (''Electronic identity card'', ''CIE'') is a personal identification document which replaced the paper-based ID card in Italy. The first Italian electronic ID cards were issued in 2001 and is now available to all Italian citizens 15 years of age and over. The CIE is intended for both online and offline identification. The information is printed, and stored on a microchip as well as a laser band. Specifically, the microchip contains a digital certificate for online authentication and (optionally) a certificate for digital signatures. The CIE is designed to give access to e-government services and will become the standard for access to online services offered to Italian citizens by public authorities. The technical specifications for the Italian identity card have been developed by the Italian Ministry of Internal Affairs in collaboration with the University of Rome Tor Vergata. After more than 10 years of trials, the use of the electronic card was as of 2011 still limited to relatively few municipalities and the "online features" had not yet implemented. ==Overview== Italian citizens are entitled to request an identity card which would be issued by the municipality in which they live. The card lasts ten years and is a valid document to leave the country when travelling to another EU country.〔''Testo unico delle leggi di pubblica sicurezza'' ("Single body of laws on public security"), also known as TULPS, article 3; see for example here ().〕 It is not compulsory to carry the card itself, as the authorities only have the right to ask for the identity of a person, not for a specific document. However, if public-security officers are not convinced of the claimed identity, such as may be the case for a verbally provided identity claim, they may keep the claimant in custody until his/her identity is ascertained;〔''Testo unico delle leggi di pubblica sicurezza'' ("Single body of laws on public security"), also known as TULPS, article 157; see for example here ().〕 such an arrest is limited to the time necessary for identification and has no legal consequence. A classic Italian identity card (now in the process of being replaced by a newer template) has four pages, containing: # Issuing municipality, card number and owner's name and surname; # Owner's name, surname, birth date and place, citizenship, city of residence, address, civil status (optional) and profession; in addition, physical features such as height, hair and eye color, and any other particular feature not visible from the photo (e.g., having a twin or being an amputee) can be noted; # Photo and signature of the owner, date of issue and stamp of the issuing municipality. # Expiration date and card number. A field for fingerprints has been present for a long time at the bottom of the third page, but is rarely if ever used. Also, physical features are normally not measured rigorously, but are just verbally asked to the applicant (such as height) or quickly ascertained by administrative personnel on the spot, with no checks for hair dying or cosmetic lenses. The classic Italian ID card is made of paper, not plastic, and its lamination with plastic pouches is explicitly forbidden, because it would interfere with the anti-forging heat sensitive pattern on the back of the card (see reference).〔(On lamination of ID cards ), Web site of the municipality of Villa Cortese.〕 Lamination of ID cards was popular and widely practised until the current prohibition was introduced, because of the low quality of the employed paper, which tends to break apart after a few months in a wallet. Removable pouches are often employed to limit damage, but the odd size of the card (about 1 cm larger than a plastic credit card in both directions) makes it difficult to store it easily in a wallet. Furthermore, the usage of paper makes the card easy to forge, and foreign countries outside the EU sometimes refuse to accept it as a valid document. These common criticism were considered in the development of the Italian electronic identity card, which is in the more common credit-card format. All foreigners in Italy are required by law to have an ID with them at all times.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=On identification of foreigners in Italy )〕 Citizens of EU member countries must be always ready to display an identity document that is legally government-issued in their country. Non-EU residents must have their passport with customs entrance stamp or a residence permit issued by Italian authorities; while all the resident/immigrant aliens must have a residence permit (otherwise they are illegal and face deportation), foreigners from certain non-EU countries staying in Italy for a limited amount of time (typically for tourism) may be only required to have their passport with proper customs stamp. Additionally permanently resident foreigners can ask to be issued an Italian ID card by the local authorities of their city/town of residence. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Italian electronic identity card」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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